Legal: AI in publications
This page provides summary of main academic publishers guidelines in regard to the use of GenAI in publications
|
Aspect of AI Use |
Taylor & Francis |
Wiley |
Elsevier |
Sage |
Springer Nature |
|
Use of AI in Peer Reviews |
Allowed for editing the review itself. No uploads to GenAI tools |
Allowed for editing the review itself. No uploads to GenAI tools |
Allowed for editing the review itself. No uploads to GenAI tools |
Reviewers must not use AI tools |
Allowed for editing the review itself. No uploads to GenAI tools |
|
Use of AI to Create Figures and Pictures |
Allowed, but must be reviewed for accuracy |
Not specified, but a lot of concerns over data manipulation even for human-created ones. |
Prohibited. Generative AI tools cannot be used to create or alter images |
Not specified, but the authors need to inform about any AI use for images |
Prohibited with some approved exceptions; concerns over data manipulation. |
|
Use of AI to Generate Ideas |
Allowed, but with human oversight |
Not clear, but “GenAI shouldn’t be used to manipulate original data and results.” |
Not clear, but “AI tools should not be used to analyze and draw insights from data as part of the research process” |
Not clear but “Do not use generative AI to artificially create or modify core research data.” |
“No autonomous content creation” from the side of GenAI. Limited to editing help. |
|
Use of AI for Editing |
Allowed. AI tools can be used for language improvement and editing |
Allowed. Doesn’t have to be disclosed |
Allowed. AI tools can be used for language improvement and editing |
Allowed. Doesn’t have to be disclosed |
Allowed for language/polish. Doesn’t have to be disclosed. |
|
Citing AI-Created Work |
Required |
Required, in the Methods section |
Required |
Required |
Required |
Notes:
Taylor & Francis: For Authors: “respect high standards of data security, confidentiality, and copyright protection in cases such as: 1) Idea generation and idea exploration; 2) Language improvement; 3) Interactive online search with LLM-enhanced search engines; 4) Literature classification; 5) Coding assistance” Authors must clearly acknowledge within the article or book any use of Generative AI tools. Watch for
- text or code generation without rigorous revision
- synthetic data generation to substitute missing data without robust methodology
- generation of any types of content which is inaccurate including abstracts or supplemental materials
Wiley: “Authors must confirm that the AI Technology does not claim ownership of their content”. “Authors may only use AI Technology as a companion to their writing process, not a replacement. As always, authors must take full responsibility for the accuracy of all content, and verify that all claims, citations, and analyses align with their expertise and research”. If AI has been used in writing “its use must be described, transparently and in detail, in the Methods section” “GenAI tools must not be used to create, alter, or manipulate original research data and results.” “Authors should maintain documentation of all AI Technology used, including its purpose, whether it impacted key arguments or conclusions, and how they personally reviewed and verified AI-generated content”
Elsevier: “…only to improve readability and language of the work. AI tools should not be used to analyze and draw insights from data as part of the research process” “Apply the technology with human oversight”
Sage: “Carefully verify the accuracy, validity, and appropriateness of AI-generated content”. Human oversight: “While their outputs may appear linguistically sound, they might not be scientifically accurate or correct and LLMs may produce nonexistent citations.” “Any information that you share with AI tools like ChatGPT is collected for business purposes.”
Springer Nature: AI help is limited to an editing help: [The use of an LLM (or other AI-tool) for “AI assisted copy editing” purposes does not need to be declared.] Don’t let AI run astray – it’s your responsibility: “authors should carry out due diligence to ensure that any AI-generated content in their book is correct and appropriately referenced, and that all content is free from copyright infringement” Graphics and AI: “we do not accept figures that were created using generative AI” there might be some exceptions but they need to be verified with the Editor. Specifically, AI can still be used for large amounts of data, it looks but the data and results should be available to check for accuracy.
Sources:
https://taylorandfrancis.com/about/ai/
https://taylorandfrancis.com/our-policies/ai-policy/
https://authorservices.wiley.com/ethics-guidelines/index.html#5
https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/JOGNN_Guidelines_for_Authors.pdf
https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/generative-ai-policies-for-journals
https://www.sagepub.com/about/policies/ai-author-guidelines
https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500